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English · Class 10 · Chapter 12: Writing — Essays and Composition

8 min

Key points

Essay is a short literary composition that expresses the writer's thoughts and feelings on a particular subject
Introduction should contain the main theme and thesis statement of the essay
Body paragraphs must develop the main idea with proper examples and supporting details
Conclusion should summarize the main points and provide final thoughts on the topic
Unity, coherence, and emphasis are the three essential qualities of good composition
Descriptive essays paint a picture using sensory details and vivid language
Narrative essays tell a story with proper sequence of events, characters, and setting
Argumentative essays present logical arguments with evidence to support a particular viewpoint
Proper paragraph structure includes topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence

Definitions

Essay: A short literary composition that expresses the writer's thoughts, feelings, and opinions on a particular subject in a systematic and organized manner
Unity: The quality of composition where all sentences and paragraphs relate to one central idea or theme
Coherence: The logical arrangement of ideas and smooth flow of thoughts from one sentence to another and from one paragraph to another
Thesis Statement: A single sentence that clearly states the main argument or central idea of the entire essay
Topic Sentence: The first sentence of a paragraph that introduces the main idea to be discussed in that paragraph

Worked example

Write a descriptive essay on 'My Mother' in 150-200 words. Include proper introduction, body, and conclusion. (8 marks)

My mother is the most precious person in my life. She is a source of love, care, and inspiration for our entire family. My mother has a graceful personality with kind eyes that reflect her loving nature. Her gentle voice brings comfort to everyone around her. She works tirelessly from dawn to dusk, managing household responsibilities with great dedication. Her hands are always busy cooking delicious meals, cleaning the house, and taking care of our needs. She possesses remarkable patience and never complains about her daily struggles. My mother is not only a homemaker but also my first teacher. She guides me in my studies and teaches me moral values. Her sacrifices for our happiness are countless. She always puts our needs before her own. In conclusion, my mother is a blessing from Allah. Her unconditional love and endless sacrifices make her the most important person in my life. I pray for her good health and happiness always.

Common mistakes

Students forget to write proper introduction and conclusion in essays
Many students do not maintain unity and write off-topic sentences
Using incorrect paragraph structure without proper topic sentences
Writing essays without proper planning and organization of ideas
Not providing concrete examples to support the main arguments

Quick recap

Essays have three main parts: introduction (hook + thesis), body (2-3 developed paragraphs with examples), and conclusion (restate main idea). Types include descriptive, narrative, and argumentative essays. Always follow the specified word count and use formal language. Practice different essay types with proper paragraph structure and smooth transitions between ideas.

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