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Pakistan Studies · Class 10 · Chapter 6: Industrial Development in Pakistan

8 min

Key points

At independence in 1947, Pakistan inherited only 34 industrial units out of 921 in undivided India
Industrial development in Pakistan can be divided into four phases: 1947-58, 1958-69, 1969-77, and 1977 onwards
First Five Year Plan (1955-60) emphasized industrial development with focus on consumer goods
Green Revolution in 1960s led to development of agricultural machinery and fertilizer industries
Nationalization policy of 1972 under Bhutto government brought major industries under state control
Denationalization and privatization policy started in 1977 to encourage private sector investment
Major industrial cities include Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Gujranwala, and Sialkot
Cottage industries like handicrafts, carpets, and sports goods contribute significantly to exports
Pakistan's main industries include textiles, sugar, cement, fertilizer, chemicals, and engineering goods

Definitions

Industry: The manufacturing of goods in factories by using machines, tools and labor
Cottage Industry: Small scale manufacturing activity carried out at home with the help of family members using simple tools
Heavy Industry: Industries that produce machinery, equipment and basic materials like iron, steel and chemicals
Light Industry: Industries that produce consumer goods like textiles, food products and household items
Nationalization: The process of bringing privately owned industries under government control and ownership

Worked example

Define cottage industry and explain any three problems faced by cottage industries in Pakistan. (7 marks)

Cottage Industry: Small-scale manufacturing activities carried out in homes or small workshops using simple tools and machinery, employing family members and few workers. Problems: (1) Lack of Capital - cottage industries face shortage of funds for raw materials and equipment expansion. (2) Competition from Machine-made Goods - products cannot compete with factory-made items in quality and price. (3) Lack of Modern Technology - use of traditional methods results in low productivity and poor quality products.

Common mistakes

Students often confuse the dates of Five Year Plans and their industrial focus
Mixing up nationalization (1972) with denationalization (1977) policies
Forgetting to mention PIDC establishment date (1950) in industrial development answers
Not distinguishing between cottage industries and small-scale industries
Writing about Indian industrial cities instead of Pakistani ones like Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad

Quick recap

Industrial development in Pakistan includes cottage, small-scale, and large-scale industries. Major problems are lack of capital, shortage of skilled labor, inadequate infrastructure, and competition from imports. Government policies include industrial estates, tax incentives, and technical training programs. Key industrial centers are Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, and Gujranwala.

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