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Urdu · Class 10 · Chapter 7: Qawaid — Grammar (Part II)

8 min

Key points

Definitions

متعدی فعل
وہ فعل جس کا اثر کسی چیز یا شخص پر پڑے اور مفعول کی ضرورت ہو
لازم فعل
وہ فعل جس کا اثر کسی چیز یا شخص پر نہ پڑے اور مفعول کی ضرورت نہ ہو
اسم فاعل
وہ اسم جو کام کرنے والے یا صفت رکھنے والے کو ظاہر کرے
اسم مفعول
وہ اسم جس پر کسی کام کا اثر پڑا ہو یا پڑنے والا ہو
محاورہ
کسی زبان میں مخصوص انداز میں استعمال ہونے والے الفاظ جن کا مطلب ظاہری معنی سے مختلف ہو

Worked example

Define 'Complex Sentence' and convert the following simple sentence into a complex sentence: 'The hardworking student passed the examination.' (5 marks)

Complex Sentence: A complex sentence contains one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses joined by subordinating conjunctions. Conversion: 'The student who worked hard passed the examination.' (Main clause: 'The student passed the examination', Subordinate clause: 'who worked hard')

Common mistakes

Quick recap

Grammar Part II covers sentence types, voice conversion, parts of speech, and verbal forms. Complex sentences have main + subordinate clauses with subordinating conjunctions. Active voice shows subject performing action, passive voice shows action performed on subject. Gerunds are verb forms functioning as nouns, participles as adjectives. Always provide textbook-exact definitions with properly labeled examples.

Generated by AI from Sindh Textbook Board material; review state: ai_unreviewed. MCQs, past-paper references and examiner notes are held back until a teacher has checked them.