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Biology · Class 10 · Chapter 12: Coordination

8 min

Key points

Coordination is the process by which different parts of an organism work together to perform various activities in a proper sequence
Nervous system consists of Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) and Peripheral Nervous System (nerves)
Neuron is the structural and functional unit of nervous system consisting of cell body, dendrites and axon
Reflex action is an automatic and involuntary response to a stimulus without involvement of brain
Endocrine system consists of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into blood
Hormones are chemical messengers that control and coordinate various body functions
Plants show coordination through tropisms and growth regulators (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins)
Tropism is the growth movement of plants in response to external stimuli like light, gravity and touch

Definitions

Coordination: The process by which different parts of an organism work together to perform various activities in a proper sequence
Neuron: The structural and functional unit of nervous system consisting of cell body, dendrites and axon
Reflex Action: An automatic and involuntary response to a stimulus without involvement of brain
Hormone: Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that control and coordinate various body functions
Tropism: The growth movement of plants in response to external stimuli like light, gravity and touch

Worked example

Define coordination. Explain the difference between nervous coordination and chemical coordination. (5 marks)

Coordination is the proper adjustment and working together of different organs of the body to produce appropriate response to stimulus. Nervous coordination is brought about by the nervous system through nerve impulses which travel at high speed and produce immediate response. Chemical coordination is brought about by hormones which are chemical messengers that travel through blood and produce slower but longer lasting effects. Example of nervous coordination is withdrawal of hand from hot object. Example of chemical coordination is growth hormone controlling growth.

Common mistakes

Students confuse sensory neurons with motor neurons - remember sensory neurons carry impulses TO brain, motor neurons carry FROM brain
Writing 'reflex arc' instead of 'reflex action' when asked to define reflex action
Forgetting to mention 'without involvement of brain' in reflex action definition
Mixing up positive and negative tropisms - positive means towards stimulus, negative means away from stimulus
Not drawing proper arrows showing direction of impulse flow in neuron diagram

Quick recap

Coordination is proper adjustment of body organs to produce appropriate response to stimulus. Two types exist: nervous coordination (fast, through nerve impulses) and chemical coordination (slower, through hormones). Key components include stimulus (change in environment), response (reaction to stimulus), receptors (detect stimuli) and effectors (produce response).

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