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Sindhi · Class 10 · Chapter 7: Qawaid — Grammar (Part II)

8 min

Key points

Definitions

متعدي فعل
اهو فعل جنهن جو اثر فاعل کان سڌو سنئون مفعول تي پوي ٿو ۽ جنهن ۾ مفعول جي ضرورت هجي
لازمي فعل
اهو فعل جنهن جو اثر فاعل تان اڳتي نه وڌي ۽ نه ڪنهن مفعول جي ضرورت هجي
صفت نعتي
اهو کلمو جيڪو کنهن اسم جي تعريف يا وصف ڪري ۽ ان جي ساڻ لڳل هجي
ضمير منفصل
اهي ضمير جيڪي جدا جدا لکيا وڃن ۽ ٻين ڪلمن سان ملائي نه لکيا وڃن
حروف جار
اهي حروف جيڪي اسماء جي اڳيان اچن ۽ انهن کي مجرور ڪن

Worked example

Haroof-e-Atf ki tareef likhiye aur teen misaalein dekar jumley mein istemal kijiye. (6 marks)

Haroof-e-Atf: Ye woh huroof hain jo do alfaaz, jumloun ya ibaarat ko aapas mein jod dete hain. Misaalein: (1) 'Aur' - Ahmed aur Ali school gaye. (2) 'Lekin' - Woh padhta hai lekin kamzor hai. (3) 'Ya' - Tum chai ya coffee piyo ge.

Common mistakes

Quick recap

Qawaid Part II covers essential grammar elements: Haroof-e-Atf (connecting particles like 'aur', 'lekin'), Haroof-e-Jar (prepositions showing relationships), Zameer (pronouns in three main types), and Ism ke Aqsam (noun classifications). Focus on memorizing exact textbook definitions rather than explanations. Practice identifying these elements in Urdu sentences and remember their specific functions and subcategories.

Generated by AI from Sindh Textbook Board material; review state: ai_unreviewed. MCQs, past-paper references and examiner notes are held back until a teacher has checked them.